Decreased Enhancer-Promoter Proximity Accompanying Enhancer Activation

Mapping the D.melanogaster En1A Enhancer Modules Responsible for Transcription Activation and Long-Distance Enhancer-Promoter Interactions

The structure of the new enhancer En1A of the 1A region of the X chromosome of D. melanogaster was investigated. Two distinct regulatory elements were found. The first element is responsible for transcription activation, and the second element provides specific interaction with the promoter of the yellow gene. The findings support the hypothesis of a modular structure for enhancers, including c...

The Hierarchy of Transcriptional Activation: From Enhancer to Promoter.

Regulatory elements (enhancers) that are remote from promoters play a critical role in the spatial, temporal, and physiological control of gene expression. Studies on specific loci, together with genome-wide approaches, suggest that there may be many common mechanisms involved in enhancer-promoter communication. Here, we discuss the multiprotein complexes that are recruited to enhancers and the...

Long - range enhancer - promoter interactions :

Liver-specific Liver-specific Glucocorticoid enhancer enhancer inducible cAMP-regulation enhancer Promoter

Fig. 18 Shown are the regulatory elements characterized so far, which control the transcription of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene. The TAT gene may be induced either by glycocorticoids or by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which activates the protein kinase A. All distances are given in kilobases (kb) and refer to the starting point of the TAT gene transcription (arrow). mediat...

Systematic analysis of enhancer and promoter interactions

Enhancer mapping has been greatly facilitated by various genomic marks associated with it. However, little is available in our toolbox to link enhancers with their target promoters, hampering mechanistic understanding of enhancer–promoter (EP) interaction. We develop and characterize multiple genomic features for distinguishing true EP pairs from noninteracting pairs. We integrate these feature...